A Dozen Garden Hacks That Save Money and Time

 

Watering Flowers When on Vacation

For example, what happens if you go on vacation and can't find anyone to water the garden for you?  All you have to do is fill an empty bottle with water, drill a hole in the cork or cap, and stick it in the ground. The water will slowly seep out and keep the soil moist.

Sweet Tomatoes

If you grow tomatoes, there is an age-old trick that could help. Take a small bag of baking soda and sprinkle it on the soil around the tomatoes for a bigger, sweeter yield.

Cookie Cutter Tomato Shaper

Tomatoes are naturally round, but what if you could change that?  As the tomatoes grow, place cookie cutters around the fruit.  As they continue to grow, the tomatoes take on the same shape, creating hearts, stars, and everything in between!

Glow-in-the-dark Planters

When summer comes around, garden lighting can be a nice way to enhance the atmosphere, but getting creative can often mean spending a lot of money. In fact, the solution to a chic outdoor space might actually be a coat or two of paint. Simply paint the pots and planters with the color and watch your garden come to life at night!

Empty Cans

They can be a very valuable - and totally free - resource for the garden.  Placing a few old Coca-Cola cans at the bottom of a planter before filling it with soil will act as a drainage aid and ensure your plants don't wither.  A thick layer of newspaper will keep the soil separate from the cans.

Eggshell Seed Starter

Eggshells provide the perfect safe, warm place for seeds to start.  All you have to do is carefully place soil and seeds in the tray and wait for the magic to happen.  The box itself can serve as a stand. 

Potato Rose Bushes

Wash them, put the rose bush section in the top part of the potato, and plant it in the ground.  The potato not only keeps the cuttings in place but also supposedly makes wonderful bushes grow.

Muffin Tin as a Plant Spacer

Creating perfectly spaced plants can be time-consuming. If you use the tin to push off the soil, you'll have a perfect guide to where to plant.

Vinegar Weed Killer

It's easy to be seduced by the big (extremely toxic) weed-killer brands when we want to keep our driveway or garden paths looking perfect.  Take a 2-liter bottle of White Vinegar and pour it directly on the growing green nuisance.  The vinegar works just as well as any commercial weed killer - but is not harmful to the environment or to you.

Hanging Strainer baskets

Not only does it look good, but it has perfect drainage built in.  Just add chains, line the screen with a little bit of floss or moss, add your compost and plants, and you're done.  It's a great way to reuse something that would otherwise end up in the landfill.  As the tomatoes grow, place cookie cutters around the fruit. As they continue to grow, the tomatoes take on the same shape, creating hearts, stars, and everything in between!

Mirrors Enlarge the Garden

All you need are two retired old window frames, preferably with rustic accents like peeling paint.  You'll also need two mirrors cut to fit inside the window frame.  Then hang them on the sides of your shed or fence.  This will create an illusion of space as they reflect the forest or your garden.

Grow Green Onions

Materials needed: leftover green onions.  Thanks to this trick, you'll never have to buy green onions at the store again, because they're easy to replant over and over again.  All you need are leftover green bulbs, a sunny spot in your garden, and potting soil (or just good soil).  Place the scraps in a pot or raised bed in the garden.  Make sure the roots and bulb are completely covered.  Water the plant scraps regularly, at least three to five times a week.  They will grow quickly, and the next time you need them for a recipe, just go outside and cut off the parts you need.  Repeat this process to grow them again.

Growing Corn From Popcorn Kernels

There are always a few kernels in the popcorn bag that don't pop, even when the microwave is beeping.  Perhaps you can grow corn from these kernels.  Place the kernels between two damp paper towels to let them germinate.  You can tell when a seed has germinated because it will form a tiny root and a stalk with leaves.  After the seeds have germinated, plant them in the ground in blocks of three (corn is wind pollinated).  Each short row should be spaced half a meter apart.  Keep the corn watered during dry periods as it grows.  Leave the ears on the corn until the leaves of the corn have turned brown.

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More Stunning Flowers With Phosphorus Fertilizer

 

Did you ever enjoy a beautiful planter arrangement or a hanging basket that you bought and after a month or so the lush flowering vanished?  Despite dutifully watering new flowers were scarce.  Then you fertilized, and maybe new leaves came up but not many flowers. 

Did you use the right fertilizer?  The middle number on the bag or bottle should be higher than the ones right and left of it.  It shows the amount of phosphorus by weight.
Not all fertilizers contain phosphorus.  Many are designed to target specific nutrient deficiencies, soil conditions, or growth requirements instead.  Printed on the front of the bag or bottle, the N-P-K tells us what percentage, by weight, of each element is present.  It’s the P value to watch if you’re hunting a high phosphorus fertilizer.  The middle number should be higher if you aim for more blooms.

Too much nitrogen can result in lush, green growth but also reduce flowering. 

Too little phosphorus can also be the cause of plants not flowering.

Why Use High Phosphorus Fertilizers?

Phosphorus is a key element in plant growth, and one that’s removed from the garden every time we mow, discard autumn leaves, or harvest our delicious crops.  In order to keep on growing, we need to replace what we take away.  Phosphorus makes up about 0.1% of the Earth's crust.  Fertilizers that contain phosphorus are often sourced directly from plant or animal waste.  Others are chemical, taken from mined rock phosphates.

Bone Meal: Bone meal is exactly what you’d imagine – ground-up bones.  The bones are sourced from slaughterhouses, heat treated to kill pathogens, then milled into a fine, usable powder.

Fish Emulsion:
A more complex product than fish meal, fish emulsion is a liquified and chemically stabilized by-product of the seafood industry.  Besides the excellent amount of phosphorus it provides, it contains a modest but balanced amount of nitrogen and potassium.  Ratios vary from product to product but typically hover around 2-4-1.  Fish emulsions also contain micro-nutrients like calcium, magnesium, and sulfur, as well as protein to help encourage the growth of healthy micro-organisms in the soil.  While potted plants love fish emulsion, it’s often not a good choice for indoor plants because the smell tends to permeate the whole house or office!

Nitrogen - Phosphorus - Pottasium 
When purchasing a fertilizer consider the N-P-K ratio of the product.  Printed on the front of the bag or bottle, the NPK tells you what percentage, by weight, of each element is present. 

High Phosphorus Fertilizers

Fertilizer Type % Nitrogen (N) % Phosphorus (P) % Potassium (K)

Rate of release:

Ammonium Phosphate 12         20         None          Moderate to rapid

Rock Phosphate        None 17-30  None          Very slow

Bone Meal                 4         10          None           Moderate

Fish Emulsion                 2-5          2-4          1-2                   Rapid

Compost                       1.5-3.5    0.5-1  1-2                   Slow

Source: University of Colorado

For Flowering Annuals
It is a good idea to provide your flowering annuals with a bit of extra phosphorus as the growing season kicks off.- and also in the middle of the season.  It’s a lot of hard work to grow an entire plant in a single season, and then produce flowers on top of that!  Hydrangeas, Azaleas, Rhododendron, and Begonias also enjoy a bit of extra phosphorus as the summer sets in, to feed those luscious flowers.  Herbs and citrus trees also benefit from a supplementary dose too.

Bone meal increases phosphorus in soil for optimal spring gardening results.  Essential in the development of strong root systems, this element is released into the soil for up to four months.  Slow, steady delivery of nutrients helps you grow plenty of big, blooming flowers, fruits, and vegetables.

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Two Evergreens for Southern Gardens

There are few plants more perfectly adapted to work effortlessly in every style.  A profusion of powerfully fragrant blossoms that smell like upmarket hand cream and leaves that are flushing blood red in autumn, before turning emerald green again in the spring: Cape Jasmine 

Cape Jasmine is a wide-growing shrub with sweetly-scented flowers. These jasmine plants have glossy leaves similar to gardenia. They also have ruffled, snowy white flowers a bit like baby gardenias. The scent isn't the same but it's a light, very sweet fragrance - more so at dusk. 

The beauty of this shrub is it's easier to grow than gardenia  - heavily in spring and then blooms on and off during the summer - colder tolerant and less attractive to bugs. It is an evergreen flowering plant -  in the coffee family Rubiaceae.

Soil Type: Clay, Loam, Sand, more on the acid site

Hardiness: 8 – 11

                               

Nandina Domestica - Called Heavenly Bamboo

This lovely Asian plant is a small semi-evergreen shrub introduced in the U.S. in the early '1800s.  A plant that offers fall and winter interest to the garden with its bright red berries and burgundy leaves, in the spring with pleasant white flowers and in summer with dark evergreen foliage.  The Nandina is a hardy and fast-growing plant from full sun to undergrowth and in heavy shade in a variety of moist soils.

Nandina Domestica creates an airy canopy of elegantly divided leaves on evergreen shrubs around 2m tall. With new growth that is flushed with burgundy before maturing to dark green come the autumn, the red and purple shades return with the first frosts to protect the leaves from the cold.  Once warm weather returns as if by magic, the green hues spring back into the leaves as if nothing had happened.

Soil Type: Chalk, Clay, Loam, Sand

Hardiness: 6 – 9

Success in the garden starts with healthy soil. Soil—as much as water and sunlight—determines whether plants thrive or die.  Getting a soil test is the best way to find out your soil pH and soil health.  Soil tests can be found in nurseries, garden centers, and online.

Use the first spring days to improve the soil in your garden, and add lots of compost and natural fertilizers, such as blood meal and bone meal.  A thick layer of mulch after planting shrubs keeps the soil moist and the weeds (mostly) out.  

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Fertilizing Soil With Coffee Grounds

 

Fertilizing soil with coffee grounds and kitchen waste:

Coffee grounds contain a good amount of the essential nutrient nitrogen as well as some potassium and phosphorus, plus other micronutrients.  The quantity and proportions of these nutrients vary, but coffee grounds can be used as a slow-release fertilizer.

To use it as a fertilizer sprinkle the used grounds thinly onto your soil, or add them to your compost heap. Paper coffee filters can go in too.  Despite their color, for the purposes of composting, they are a ‘green’, or nitrogen-rich organic material.  Make sure to balance them with enough ‘browns’ – carbon-rich materials such as dry leaves, dried grass, or small shredded paper pieces.

Coffee grounds are particularly suitable for fertilizing plants that require acidic garden soil, such as hydrangeas and rhododendrons or cucumbers, zucchini, and strawberries.  Always allow the coffee grounds to cool and dry well - if they are moist, they will mold easily. 

Another benefit: Slugs and ants do not like coffee grounds.

Food scraps are also a good source of fertilizer too.  Fish waste, for example, is a good tomato fertilizer.  Bury the fish remains about eight inches below before you plant the young tomatoes.  By the time the roots get there, the fish has rotted.  Other kitchen waste such as vegetable and fruit scraps, eggshells, tea leaves, crumbled newspapers, and shredded office paper, but also garden waste such as dried lawn cuttings, small pieces of shrub, and tree cuttings can go on the compost.  

There, they decompose into nutrient-rich, humus-rich soil - perfect for fertilizing or as a soil conditioner.  However, maintaining the compost should be turned over or moved approximately every two to three months.

Much easier is it to dig a 20-inch hole in the garden bed, fill it with the above-mentioned items in layers with a bit of soil and top it with soil.  Poke some holes into this and cover it with a flat rock or mesh to deter critters to dig in. Usually, in summer you will have the most beautiful, healthy garden soil within three weeks.

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Over-Wintering Plants and How to Care for them

 

Your Mandevilla plants that were thriving in the garden, bringing joy with all their fantastic blooms are suddenly getting yellow leaves when brought indoors. After some weeks, your beautiful Mandevillas or your Oleander look pathetic and seem to die. What happened? Tiny little critters, called spider mites are nesting and multiplying, and you detect even a miniature white net between the twigs of your plants. 

Spider mites are brought into the house via your shoes, and clothing, nestled in between animal fur, and, most importantly, from other infected plants or via the indoor planting soil, flowers, and vegetables brought into the house and even through window screens as they are so tiny.

Spider mites thrive in warm, dry conditions and can become a major problem during the winter when your dry house becomes the perfect breeding ground for them. Spider mites multiply very quickly and, in the right conditions, can double their population every couple of weeks.

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Humidity Too Low

When humidity is low, spider mites (Tetranychidae) can become a problem. The small eight-legged creatures are difficult to see with the naked eye and are mainly found on the underside of leaves near the leaf veins. The infested leaves are initially delicately speckled before they first turn silvery, then gray-brown, and finally, fall off. Another identifying feature is webbing which can be found in leaf axils and on leaf margins. 

• As a preventive measure, plants that overwinter in a dry, slightly cool place should be sprayed with water from time to time.
• The first thing you should do is quarantine the infested plant and inspect all surrounding houseplants for mites. 
• In case of infestation, shower the whole plant with lukewarm water. Wrap it in a plastic bag or a translucent garbage bag for three days, high humidity will kill the spider mites.
• A good prevention is to spray your house plants with tea tree oil or Neem oil.
• Canola oil-based pesticides smother the spider mites; especially the undersides of leaves should be treated

Here is a spider mite insecticide soap recipe:

1 small teaspoon of mild liquid soap

1 liter of tepid water

***** NEVER USE ANY CHEMICAL PESTICIDES *****

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Mandevilla Plants Overwintering

During the over-wintering in the house, the plant should be watered very sparingly and not fertilized at all. However, place it close to a sunny window - but in a cool room and away from heating outlets. Only in spring, around  April, some diluted liquid fertilizer can be added to the watering and the room temperature should be slowly increased. Spraying the leaves frequently with a water bottle keeps them moist - which spider mites don’t like. From late May on, when no frosts are expected, it can move outside again. Here it should first be accustomed to the sun again for a few days in partial shade.

Disinfect the Indoor Potting Soil

To ensure that your indoor plant soil is clear of bacteria and illnesses, disinfect it with hydrogen peroxide. To do this, just sprinkle some hydrogen peroxide in your organic potting mix. You also can sterilize potting soil in your oven. Place it in an oven-safe pan, cover it with foil, and bake it at 180 to 200 degrees Fahrenheit for 30 minutes.

Oleander Indoors

Years ago, I had every winter an aphid problem with Oleanders in large pots that I brought into my solarium. I carried the whole pot into my shower and sprayed it with tea tree oil, but also pruned it a bit. 

Oleander plants (Nerium oleander) easily become victims of pests. In particular, some species of lice, as well as spider mites eat the oleander. However, since they significantly weaken the plants, it is essential to fight them. Healthy plants are more resistant and are not attacked as quickly as weaker ones. So often an infestation of pests indicates a care error such as the wrong location. Too much nitrogen can also be the cause, as it makes the tissue softer and more susceptible. 

Aphids (Aphidoidea) are much easier to detect than spider mites because of their size of a few millimeters. On the oleander, they only sit on fresh shoots and inflorescences, where they pierce the plant to get at its sweet sap. The first thing you usually notice is the white sheaths that are formed when aphids molt and stick to the plant.

https://getbusygardening.com/control-spider-mites/

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Earth-Friendly Gardening

Winter Berries and Pines 

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Niki Jabbour, author of The Year Round Vegetable Gardener, and Growing Under Cover was in the Globe & Mail recently, teaching Globe readers how their gardens can help fight climate change, by making their gardens peat-free and becoming converts to the no-dig movement.

“I stopped digging my gardens three years ago,” she says, adding that her soil (which was sandy) is now darker, dense with organic matter, and holds moisture much better. This has the added benefit of preventing the release of carbon that was previously stored in the soil, and which is disrupted and released by digging.

Peat bogs, which are under serious threat around the globe, store vast amounts of carbon, and if gardeners can do their part to preserve them they will be making a serious reduction in their carbon footprints!”

Gardening with ‘Garbage’

Look at used household items from a different perspective.  Newspaper and cardboard can be turned into effective weed barriers under mulch.  Empty yogurt containers poked with drainage holes make perfect starting pots for seeds.  Even used coffee grounds and crushed egg shells can become earth-friendly fertilizers.  

When you add paper, rip it into small pieces. Whole potatoes, onions, corn, carrots, etc. are slow to compost, cut them small before adding them to the compost bin.  Improve your soil and feed your garden naturally with compost you made from kitchen scraps and garden clean-ups. 

Keep leaves out of landfills!  Every year about 8 million tons of leaves end up there.  Another reason: leaves help the grass.  Leaves are full of nutrients, including nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium which improve the soil's health.  Those nutrients are being returned to the soil - but only if you use a lawnmower to cut them into small pieces.  

If you leave the leaves on the grass, it will exclude light.  And then the grass won't be able to photosynthesize.  Eventually, it would die under a thick layer of leaves. Shredded leaves can also be piled into garden beds.  Leaves are a resource - and not a problem!

Don't stop composting in winter! The material will freeze and then thaw, come spring. This way you have lots of material to create an earth-friendly garden in a couple of months.

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Planting Spring Bulbs: The Popular Heralds of Spring

 

Snowdrops and crocuses are certainly among the best-known early bloomers.  But primroses, daffodils, anemones, hyacinths, ornamental leeks, and tulips are also attractive species among the harbingers of spring.

The ideal time: As a rule, the early bloomers are planted in autumn.  Around October/November, depending on location is a good time for almost all early bloomers.  If you have missed this time, you can still try your luck at the beginning of the year if the winter is not too severe.  As soon as a few frost-free days are forecast, plant the early bloomers.

The ideal location: The suitable location is completely different depending on the type of flower.  Tulips, for example, prefer sunny spots and can cope very well with a little more dryness.  Snowdrops, on the other hand, like to stand in shady places, such as along walls or under deciduous trees.  Just like daffodils, they need slightly moist soil.

Planting Early Bloomers - the Best Tips

• Place the bulbs about ten to twelve centimetres deep in the ground.  A bulb planter is very helpful when planting bulbs.  Especially if you want to plant a lot of early bloomers.
• Leave a space of about 7 to 10 centimetres between the individual bulbs, depending on the type of plant.
• If the bulbs have already been planted, do not dig them in completely, but leave them about two to three centimetres out of the ground.
• Plant the bulbs in tubs or pots and keep the soil slightly moist.  Make sure that the soil does not become waterlogged and protect the bulbs from frost.
• After you have planted the bulbs in the garden, you do not need to worry about anything else.
• Fertilize the early flowering bulbs as soon as the first leaves appear.

Once you have planted the early flowering bulbs in the ground, most species will later reproduce on their own.  But of course, you can also propagate early bloomers like snowdrops yourself.

The Importance of Crocuses

The first crocuses bloom between February and March.  The mostly purple flowers form colourful spots in the snow and herald the beginning of spring.  But crocuses carry a number of other meanings:

The crocus is an iris plant that grows in gardens, in meadows or in the mountains.  Its flowers are usually purple, but there are also yellow or white crocuses.

Crocuses have been around since ancient times.  At that time, the spring-flowering plants were regarded as a sign of hope for supernatural life and symbolised eternal youth.  They were therefore planted on the graves of the deceased.

In addition, crocuses stood for passionate love in ancient times. The saffron crocus in particular was used to prepare a love potion that was drizzled on the beds of newly married couples.

Saffron crocuses are also used as a spice.  They are considered aphrodisiacs.  Since saffron was also used to dye royal robes, for example, they were an expensive commodity.

Saffron crocuses were also a valued medicinal plant against inflammations, eye infections, mood swings and circulatory problems.

Propagating Snowdrops by Seeds

Once you have planted snowdrops, it is usually enough to let nature take its course.  The magic word is myrmecochory.  After the ovary has burst open, the ants pick up the seed to eat the nutritive body and thus spread the seed. 

As convenient as natural flower propagation is, it has the disadvantage that you have no influence on where the snowdrops grow later.  If you want to influence where the snowdrops later sprout in your garden, you have to distribute the seed yourself. The seed is taken from the ovary of the snowdrop.  You can tell when the ovary is mature and the seed is ready to be taken by looking at the downward-sloping flower stalk. Before you plant the seed in the soil in autumn, store it in a cool and dry place. 

Propagating Snowdrops by Dividing them

Snowdrops look pretty and are also quite undemanding flowers.  However, the soil should be as humus-rich and water-permeable as possible.  In March, when the snowdrops are wilting, dig up the clumps.  The clusters consist of mother and daughter bulbs.  After you have separated the bulbs from each other, put them back into the soil immediately so that they do not dry out.

The same method can be used to propagate Tulips or Daffodils, but wait until their leaves are yellow in late spring or early summer.

Planting Spring bulbs now will bring you early color and joyful blooms  - before everything else shows up in your garden. Nothing beats the first spring show of brilliant yellow Daffodils and Crocuses in all colors. They are really eye-catching!

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Blooming Fences - Instead of Ugly Cedar Hedges

 

Instead of these ugly, dark cedar “fences” that are popular in Canada, homeowners could as well plant colorful blooming shrubs that are attractive throughout the seasons - even to bees. While cedars are not only costly to purchase and plant, they require constant trimming throughout their lives. Often the hedge trimmers trample through flower beds and do not always remove down-fallen clippings so it needs additional raking and pick-up.

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Fall is Planting Time

On the other hand, shrubs like Weigelia, Rosa Glauca, Kerria Japonica, Quince, Berberis Rose Glow, Hydrangeas, or Philadelphus only need a little bit of trimming every other year - an easy task for garden owners.  No ladder is necessary!  However, no matter which shrubs you choose as a hedge, they all need to be watered when there is a lack of rain - even cedar hedges suffer in dry spells.

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My Favoured BLOOMING SHRUBS around the property:

Quince - follows soon after with pink/salmon-color blooms
https://www.monrovia.com/be-inspired/flowering-quince-for-early-spring-blooms.html

Dwarf Pink Bloomerang Lilac - much longer blooming than average Lilac

https://www.provenwinners.com/plants/syringa/bloomerang-dwarf-pink-reblooming-lilac-syringa-x

Rosa Glauca - loves shade, rare for a rose, and has blue-green leaves

https://www.greatplantpicks.org/plantlists/view/1348

Kerria Japonica - brightens shade spots with its abundance of yellow blooms

https://hgic.clemson.edu/factsheet/japanese-kerria/

Philadelphus - blooms white in summer and has a pleasant fragrance 
https://www.gardenia.net/plant/philadelphus-avalanche-mock-orange

The Best Fence You Could Imagine ...

Berberis Rose Glow - shows only tiny, insignificant blooms, but the beautiful maroon leaves are colorful almost all year round.  It also creates a kind of “wall” due to its many thorns.  No one would even try to brush through ...

http://search.millcreeknursery.ca/11050005/Plant/628/Rose_Glow__Barberry/

https://www.provenwinners.com/plants/berberis/sunjoy-neo-barberry-berberis-thunbergii

https://www.gardenia.net/plant/berberis-thunbergii-atropurpurea-rose-glow

Weigela Spilled Wine

https://www.provenwinners.com/plants/weigela/spilled-wine-weigela-florida

Kerria Japonica 

https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/ornamental/shrubs/japanese-kerria/growing-japanese-kerria.htm

 

Philadelphus

https://www.provenwinners.com/plants/philadelphus/illuminati-arch-mockorange-philadelphus-coronarius

Quince

https://homeguides.sfgate.com/growing-conditions-flowering-quince-bush-58384.html

https://www.gardenista.com/posts/gardening-101-flowering-quince-chaenomeles-speciosa-plant-growing-guide/

Dwarf Pink Bloomerang Lilac

https://www.provenwinners.com/plants/syringa/bloomerang-dwarf-pink-reblooming-lilac-syringa-x

Better enclose your yard with flowering hedges instead of fences to add color, texture, and even fragrance to your garden space. 

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See also: 
https://garden-dream.blogspot.com/2018/05/3-great-shrubs-instead-of-fence.html

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Fall Garden Pleasures & Chores

 

Beautiful blooms, rich foliage, and dramatic seed heads abound. Dozens of bees are cruising around blooming Sedums, Japanese Anemones are showing off their beauty, and Hydrangeas are blooming even in shaded parts of the garden. Ornamental grasses are more attractive than in summer, Clematis might bloom for a second time and some Roses are still providing spectacular colors well into Fall. In a few weeks it will all be gone, so take some time to enjoy the warm October afternoons outdoors in your glorious fall garden!

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Bring Indoor Plants In

The end of October (or early November) is then filled with fall garden chores - from cutting back dying perennials, to planting bulbs and preparing the indoor plants for their return back into the house.  Potted plants need to be re-potted especially the tropicals in outdoor containers.  Add new potting mix and increase the pot by one size to keep them happy all winter.  This will be the last feeding until March. Make sure to check for any critters and pests before bringing anything inside, and consider applying insecticidal soap to the soil after re-potting (it leaches down into the new pot).  You can also hang sticky pads on them to catch tiny flies.

Leaves

Remove leaves from your lawn, or otherwise the grass underneath can rot.  But do it NOT with leaf vacuums or leaf blowers.  Experts advise against using leaf vacuums or leafblowers.  Leafblowers are a disaster for the environment.  They destroy the upper layer of the earth and with it many organisms that try to live there.  Apart from the noise, devices with combustion engines emit harmful exhaust gases such as carbon, nitrogen oxides, and carbon monoxide. Also, small animals are literally chopped up when using suction devices.

Lawns

White grubs are a common turf and lawn pest, and beneficial nematodes can be a very effective (and safe!) control.  However, it is important to treat at the right time of year, based on the white grubs’ life cycle, to ensure good control.  Treating them in early fall is ideal, as that is when the smaller, young grubs are most susceptible to nematodes.  Heteromask is a preferred product against white grubs, but Scanmask is also effective.  Focus treatment on sunny areas of your lawn/turf or on any areas that show signs of grub damage.  Heteromask comes in a spray formulation, and you can use the Nema-Jet, a hose-end sprayer or a watering can (for smaller areas) to apply

Lawns are hungry as well. Early October is the time for your second application of fertilizer with a “winterizer” type on the label, one with an NPK (nitrogen/phosphorous/potassium) of around 28-0-14.

You should mow your lawn for the last time this year by the end of November at the latest - after that there's no point, as you may even harm it if it has to survive the winter after being shorn too short. It's best to set your lawn mower higher so that your lawn can catch enough sunlight even in the cold season and doesn't give uninvited guests such as moss a chance to grow in.

Rake the leaves from the paths into the beds on the left and right - but not higher than 3 inches.  Mark where you have plants to avoid trampling on them in early spring.  The layer of leaves provides frost protection for the plants in winter and also attracts blackbirds, for example, which pick pests out of the beds.  Leaves also help plant growth in the long term.  The leaves gradually decompose and become valuable fertilizer and soil.  Nature has the very best recycling system.  It's unbeatable!

You can also cover flower and vegetable beds with fresh compost: It can mature over the winter and provides the plants with an ideal breeding ground when they develop new shoots in the spring.

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Hedges & Shrubs

In gardens and parks, densely growing shrubs and hedges create visual accents.  For property owners, especially those who live directly on a street, hedges serve primarily as privacy screens.  But hedges are not an attractive substitute for a fence, they serve as a habitat for many animals.  For this reason, there are a few things to keep in mind when trimming hedges:

Hedges should only be trimmed between October and the end of February.  Between March and September, some native bird species use the densely growing hedge plants as a shelter to first build a nest undisturbed by humans and predators and later raise their young ones in it.  However, as soon as the first strong frost sets in, it is important to stop pruning your trees and shrubs, as the cuts will no longer close. 

Usually, hedges are cut with hedge shears.  The fastest and most efficient way is to use the electric version.  A little more practical, but also a few dollars more expensive, are models that are powered by a battery.  Hedges should be cut conically, a little narrower towards the top.  The reason is quite simple: The lower branches get much less light with a straight cut.  In the worst case, they become bare or stunted.  That's why the base of any hedge should be about 20 inches wider than the top.  Donate an additional layer of mulch to the soil under the hedge.  This favors the nutrient balance and pleases numerous microorganisms.

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No Need to Cut Roses in Fall

Older varieties of roses lay the flower buds already in the previous year and then unfold all their beauty only once - in early summer.  The problem is that the new shoots do not produce new flowers in the same year.  This means that they will not bear a single flower in summer if they are pruned as radically as roses that bloom more often.  Tip: Thin out such roses only slightly in spring so that the crown does not become too dense.

Prune Roses in Spring:

Be patient and wait to prune roses until no more heavy (night) frosts are expected.  So, about after the forsythia bush flowers have faded.  The 'eyes', i.e. the places where a rose can form side shoots, play an important role when pruning roses.  If you cut the shoot too close over an eye or side shoot, they could dry out.  What would be left behind - instead of a fragrant flower - would be an unsightly stub.  Therefore, place the scissors about five millimeters above the uppermost eye and cut the shoot at a slight downward angle.  This prevents water from collecting, which would provide a perfect breeding ground for pathogens.

For shrub roses, cut back to no more than half the shoot length.  Otherwise, long and unstable shoots will develop.  The procedure is different again for climbing roses.  Here, the previous year's shoots remain uncut and are only slightly thinned out. 

It’s also time to plant lots of bulbs for spectacular spring blooming.  Pay attention to the planting depth as listed on the packages.  Dividing perennials is a great way to make your beds fuller.  Lift plants carefully from the hole and shake off excess soil.  Remove any dead stems and foliage.  Separate the root system in half down from the middle, using two garden spades or forks or a sharp knife.  Replant in a new hole with fresh soil and water thoroughly.  If there is no rain during the next days, water these 'new' plants at least three times a week.

Keep pulling up the summer veggies as they ripen, and make room for fall crops, such as turnips, beets, onions, spinach, or Brussels sprouts.  Composting summer plants will improve your soil next spring.

Read more: 

https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/ornamental/bulbs/bgen/bulbs-for-shade-gardens.htm

https://biologicco.wpengine.com/blog/faq-how-to-kill-white-grubs-with-nematodes/

https://www.cbc.ca/life/home/how-to-prepare-your-garden-for-winter-1.6623540

https://www.npr.org/2022/10/25/1131114849/leaves-fall-autumn-compost-mulch-grass-lawn-nutrients

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